I-Peru iyindawo yokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, okuzamazama komhlaba okungamakhulu angu-200 okwenzeka ngonyaka ngamunye. Ngokwe-website ye-Country Studies, kube khona ukuzamazama komhlaba okungaphezu kuka-70 ePeru kusukela ngo-1568, noma eyodwa njalo eminyakeni eyisithupha.
Isici esiyinhloko salo msebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba ukusebenzisana kwamacwecwe amabili e-tectonic ogwini olusentshonalanga eNingizimu Melika. Lapha, i-Nazca Plate encane, esempumalanga yePacific Ocean, ihlangana nePlanethi yeSouth America Plate.
I-Plate yaNazca iyancipha ngaphansi kwePlate yaseNingizimu Melika, ebangela isici se-oceanic esibizwa ngokuthi iTrans-Chile Trench. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kubhekene nenye yezinto ezisemadolobheni aseMelika eNingizimu Afrika ezichaza kakhulu: i-Andean Range.
I-Plate yaNazca iyaqhubeka iphoqa indlela yayo ngaphansi kwezwe lezwekazi, kuyilapho amabutho asebenza kulokhu kusebenzisana kwe-tectonic eholela ezinozini eziningi zemvelo ePeru . Iziqhumane zakhiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi i-Peru ihlala yindawo yokuqhuma komlilo. Nokho, ingozi eyengeziwe kubantu bendawo, isongo lokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nezingozi ezihlobene ne-landslides, avalanches kanye nama-tsunami.
Umlando Wokuzamazama komhlaba ePeru
Umlando wokuzamazama komhlaba oqoshiwe ePeru ubuyela emuva phakathi no-1500s. Esinye sezibalo zokuqala zokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu kusukela ngo-1582, lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba kwabangela umonakalo omkhulu emzini wase Arequipa, okubiza okungenani abantu abangu-30 kule nqubo.
Okunye ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu kusukela kuma-1500 kuhlanganisa:
- 1687 - Ukuzamazama komhlaba okungamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili (8.2 magnitude) kwabangela ukulimala okukhulu eLima, eCallao nase-Ica. I-tsunami ephumela ekubhubhiseni ichweba lasePisco. Inani elibulalayo libalinganiselwa ku-5,000.
- 1746 - Ukuzamazama komhlaba kweLima-Callao ngo-Okthoba 28, 1746, cishe kwasungula uLima, kuyilapho i-tsunami eyalandela konke kodwa yaqeda idolobha laseCallao. Kwabulawa abangu-6 000 ukuzamazama komhlaba (8.6 kuya ku-8.8) kanye ne-tsunami. Isithombe sikaKristu, esasindale ukuzamazama komhlaba ngo-1687, sasinda nenhlekelele ka-1746. Lesi sithombe, esaziwa ngokuthi i- El Señor de los Milagros (iNkosi yezimangaliso), yisona sigxila senqubo enkulu yenkolo eyenzeka eLima njalo ngo-Okthoba .
- 1868 - Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwe-A68 ngo-1868 kuyisigameko esinamandla kakhulu emlandweni wezwe (i-Arica yayiyingxenye yasePeru ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa manje ivela eChile). Ukuzamazama komhlaba, okwakunesisindo esiphakathi kuka-8.5 no-9.0, kwabhubhisa imizi ehlukahlukene eningizimu yezwe, kuhlanganise ne-Arica, Tacna, ne-Arequipa, okubangele okungenani abayizigidi ezingu-25 000.
- 1928 - Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwabangela umonakalo omkhulu edolobheni laseChachapoyas eNyakatho Peru. Lesi senzakalo senze i-landslide eyabulala abantu abangu-25.
- 1946 - NgoNovemba 10, ukuzamazama komhlaba okungama-7.3 ku-Ancash esifundeni sasePeru. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okwabangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba okwabhubhisa idolobhana lama-Quiches kanye neConchucos kanye neMeya. Inani lokufa lalinganiselwa ku-1,400 no-2 000.
- 1970 - Ukuzamazama komhlaba kuka-Ancash ka-May 31, 1970, kuyisimo esingokwemvelo kunazo zonke emlandweni wasePeru. I-epicenter yayiseceleni kolwandle lwasePeru; ayikho ama-tsunami amakhulu ayerekhodiwe. Naphezu kokuba namandla angaphansi kwamanzi okuqala (7.9 kuya ku-8.0 esikalini sase-Richter), ukuzamazama komhlaba kwabangela ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu ukuwela phansi kusukela emathafeni eNtaba iHuascarán, intaba ephakeme ePeru . Ukugeleza kwedwala neqhwa kwamiswa amadolobha aseYungay noRamrahirca, bebulala abantu abayi-100 000 futhi balimaza abanye abangu-200 000.
- 2007 - Ngomhla ka-Agasti 15, ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-8.0 kwashaya ogwini lwasePeru. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwavezwa ezweni lonke, kodwa uPisco, Chincha, no-Ica babhekana nomonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Sekuphelele, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwabashiye abantu abangu-519 kwathi abangu-1,366 balimala, futhi amakhaya angaphezu kuka-58 000 abhujiswe.
Ukusabalalisa komhlaba
Iningi lokuzamazama komhlaba okubalwe ngenhla kwenzeke ezindaweni ezigugu, kodwa zonke izindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko zasePeru - ogwini, iziqhingi, kanye nehlathi - zihambisana nomsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba.
Iningi lokuzamazama komhlaba (5.5 nangaphezulu) livela eduze kwe-subduction zone eduze nomsele wasePeru-Chile. Iqembu lesibili lomsebenzi wesimangaliso livela e-Andean Range nasempumalanga kuya ehlathini eliphakeme ( selva alta ). Amahlathi ase-lowland e-Amazon Basin, okwamanje, athola ukuzamazama komhlaba ngaphansi komhlaba, ngaphansi kwe-300 kuya ku-700 km.
Ukuphathwa Kwezamazamazama komhlaba ePeru
Ukusabela kwePeru kwezokuzamazama komhlaba kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka kodwa kungakafiki amazinga atholakele emazweni amaningi athuthukile. Ukusabela kokuzamazama komhlaba ngo-2007, isibonelo, kwagxeka kakhulu naphezu kwezici ezinhle. Abalimele baphuthunyiswa ngokushesha, kwakungekho ukusakazwa kwezifo kanye nomphakathi othintekayo bathola izinga lokusekela elihle. Kodwa-ke, impendulo yokuqala yabhekana nokungabi nobumbano.
Ngokusho kukaSamir Elhawary noGerardo Castillo ocwaningweni lwe-Humanitarian Policy Group ngo- 2008 , "uhlelo lwesifundazwe lwalulwela ukubhekana nesilinganiso sosizi oluphuthumayo kanti uhulumeni oyinhloko, esikhundleni sokusekela uhlelo lwesifunda, wayedlula isakhiwo sempendulo efanayo. "Lokhu kwadala izinga lobuphikisana nokungahleleki okwakubambelela ekuphatheni jikelele kwenhlekelele.
Ngokulungiswa, uHulumeni wasePeruvia uyaqhubeka nokufundisa nokuzisa abantu mayelana nezingozi zokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nezingozi ezihlobene. Kunezimboni eziningana zokuzamazama komhlaba ezenzeka minyaka yonke ezingeni likazwelonke, okusiza ukugqamisa izindawo eziphephile nezindlela zokuphuma ngenkathi kukhuthazwa izinqubo zokuphepha komuntu siqu.
Inkinga eyodwa eqhubeka ikhona, noma kunjalo, ukwakha izindlu ezimbi. Izindlu ezinezindonga ze-adobe noma zodaka zibhekene nokulimala kokuzamazama komhlaba; izindlu eziningi ezinjalo zikhona ePeru, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezihlwempu.
Amathiphu Abahambi ePeru
Abaningi abahambayo ngeke babhekana nento engaphezu kokuzamazama okuncane ngesikhathi sePeru, ngakho-ke akusadingeki sikhathazeke ngokuzamazama komhlaba ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi uhambo lwakho. Uma unomuzwa wokuthuthumela, bheka indawo yokuzamazama komhlaba ephephile (uma ungaboni indawo ephephile, landela amathiphu angezansi). Izindawo eziphephile ziqokonyiswe izibonakaliso eziluhlaza futhi ezimhlophe zithi " iZona Segura en Casos de Sismos " ("ukuzamazama komhlaba" ngesiSpanishi yi- sismo noma i- terremoto ).
Ukuze uthole amanye amathiphu mayelana nokuphepha komhlaba ngenkathi uhamba, funda amathiphu okuphepha wezokuzamazama komhlaba kubahambi abahamba phambili (efanele bonke abahambayo bonke ubudala).
Kungumqondo omuhle ukubhalisa uhambo lwakho ne-ambassy yakho ngaphambi kokuya e-Peru.