I-China ne-West
Ngenkathi iChina ingakaze ibe "ngokugcwele" njengomakhelwane waseNdiya yi-United Kingdom noma iVietnam yiFulentshi, yahlukunyezwa ngamandla aseWesternation ekuhwebeni okungalingani futhi ekugcineni lawo mandla afanayo ahlukanisa insimu eyaba yinkosi emazweni aseNtshonalanga kanye ayisekho ngaphansi kweChina.
Incazelo yemvume
Izivumelwano kwakuyizindawo noma izindawo ezinikezwe ngaphezulu (ezivunyelwe) kohulumeni ngabanye, isib. France naseBrithani, futhi zilawulwa yilabo ohulumeni.
Indawo Yokunikezela
E-China, ukuvunyelwa okuningi kwakukhona ezindaweni eziseduze noma eziseduze ukuze amazwe angaphandle abe nokufinyelela okulula kokuhweba. Mhlawumbe uzwe la magama okuvumelanisa futhi awuzange uqaphele ukuthi ayengubani ngempela-futhi kungenzeka ukuthi wazibuza ukuthi lezi zindawo ziseChina yanamuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye babesebenzisa "ukuqashisa" kwamanye amazwe futhi babuyela eChina ngaphakathi kwenkumbulo ephilayo njengoba kwenzeka eHong Kong (e-United Kingdom) naseMacau (ePortugal).
- I-Canton iyakwazi ukujwayela, kunjalo? I-Canton yilelokuqala igama likaNgqungquthela we- Guangzhou / Guangdong . I-Canton yiyona enhle kunazo zonke zokuvuma njengoba kwakungokungena okuyinhloko yokungena kwe-opium enkulu esithengiswa eChina ngaphambi kokuvulwa kukaShanghai.
- I-Shanghai yaba yizimvume ezivela kwamanye amazwe ngemuva kwe-Opium Wars futhi ngemva nje kwalokho kwaziwa ngokuthi "iParis yaseMpumalanga". Akudingeki ukuba kube khona amaphasipoti okungena, uShailand waba yi-port-of-call kuzo zonke izinhlobo: abantu bahlose ukwenza inzuzo yabo nalabo abazama ukufihla emthethweni. I-Shanghai empeleni yahlukaniswa yaba yizinombolo eziningi zokugcina ezaba yizimvume ezinkulu ezilawulwa yiFulentshi kanye nezinye izivumelwano "International" ezilawulwa yiBrithani, eMelika kanye namanye amanye amazwe angaphandle.
- I-Amoy enye igama lezindawo manje eliyi-relic. I-Amoy yi-Xiamen yanamuhla esifundazweni saseFujian.
- UQingdao, owayeyaziwa ngokuthi yiTsingtao, wayelawulwa amaJalimane. Yibo abaye bafaka ulwazi lweChina ngolwazi lwabo lokuphuza ubhiya.
- I-Tianjin inezinkampani eziningana zamazwe
- I-Beijing inezindawo "ezingaphandle kwamanye amazwe" ezavulwa ngemva nje kweMpi Ye-Second Opium maphakathi nawo-1800.
Izivumelwano Zaba Khona Kanjani?
Ngezivumelwano ezasayinwe ngemuva kokulahlekelwa kweChina ku-Opium Wars, i- Qing Dynasty kwakungadingeki ukuba yamukele insimu kuphela kodwa kwakudingeka ivule amabhange abo abathengisi bangaphandle abafuna ukudayisa. Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, kwakudingeka itiye laseChina, i-porcelain, i-silika, izinongo nezinye izinto. I-UK yayingumshayeli othile we-Opium Wars.
Ekuqaleni, i-UK ikhokhela i-China ngalezi zinto eziyigugu ngesiliva kodwa ukungalingani kwezebhizinisi kwakuphakeme. Ngokushesha, i-UK yaqala ukudayisa i-opium yaseNdiya emakethe yaseShayina ekhula njalo futhi kungazelelwe ukuthi akudingeki ukuba isetshenziswe imali yesiliva kakhulu emazweni aseShayina. Lokhu kwavusa uhulumeni waseQing owayeka ukuthengisa izimpahla ze-opium kanye nabathengisi bangaphandle. Lokhu nakho kwabathukuthelisa abathengisi bangaphandle futhi ngokushesha u-UK kanye nabalingani bathumela izimpi zempi phezulu ogwini kanye namabutho eBeijing ukuba afune i-Qing ukuba isayine izinkontileka ezinikezela ukuhweba nokuvunyelwa.
Isikhathi Sokuphela Kwe-Concession
Umsebenzi wangaphandle eChina waphazamiseka lapho kuqala iMpi Yezwe II kanye nokuhlasela kweJapane kweJapane. Abaningi bezinye izizwe abangazange baphumelele ukuphuma eChina emotweni yase-Allied baphothulwa emajele aseJapan. Ngemuva kwempi kwakukhona ukuvuselelwa kwabokufika ezweni laseChina ukubuyisela impahla elahlekile futhi kuvuselele ibhizinisi.
Kodwa le nkathi yaphela ngokungazelelwe ngo- 1949 lapho iChina iba umbuso wamaKhomanisi futhi abaningi bezinye izizwe babaleka.