Izindaba ze-California Mission kanye nezimpendulo zemibuzo ejwayelekile

by Betsy Malloy

Okuyisisekelo Ngezimiso ZaseSpain zase-California

Uma ngabe uzibuza ngemisebenzi yaseSpain eCalifornia - futhi ikakhulukazi uma ufuna iqiniso le-California Missions, leli khasi lenzelwe wena kuphela.

Indlela ama-Missions aseCalifornia aqala ngayo

Imihlangano yaseSpain eCalifornia yaqala ngenxa yeNkosi yaseSpain. Wayefuna ukwakha izindawo ezihlala njalo eNew World.

AmaSpain ayefuna ukulawula i-Alta California (okusho ukuthi u-Upper California ngesiSpanishi).

Babekhathazekile ngoba amaRashiya ayehamba eningizimu esuka Fort Fort, kuze kube manje Sonoma County County ogwini.

Isinqumo sokudala ukuthunyelwa kweSpanishi e-Alta California kwakuyizepolitiki. Kwakungokwenkolo. ISonto LamaKatolika lalifuna ukuguqula abantu bendawo enkolweni yamaKatolika.

Ubani owasungula i-California Missions?

Ubaba uJunipero Serra wayengumpristi ohlonishwa kakhulu waseFrancisca waseSpain. Wasebenza emisebenzini eMexico iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye ngaphambi kokuba abekwe icala lokuhambela eCalifornia. Ukuze uthole okunye ngaye, fundza biography kaBaba Serra .

Lokho kwenzeka ngo-1767 lapho umyalelo wabapristi wabaFranciscus uthatha ukuthunyelwa kweNew World emhlabeni kubapristi bamaJesuit. Imininingwane yangemva kwalolu shintsho yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukungena kulesi sishwankathelo esifushane

Zingaki Izisebenzi Ezikhona?

Ngo-1769, isosha laseSpain nomhloli wezinhloli uGarpar de Portola noYise Serra bahamba ndawonye, beya enyakatho bevela eLa Paz eBaja California ukuze baqale umkhankaso e-Alta California.

Eminyakeni engu-54 eyalandela, ukuhambela kuka-California eCriminal kwaqala. Bahlanganisa amamayela angu-650 eceleni kwe-El Camino Real (King's Highway) phakathi kweSan Diego nedolobha laseSonoma. Ungabona indawo yawo kulemephu .

Kungani iSonto LamaKatolika Lakha Imisebenzi?

Obaba baseSpain bafuna ukuguqula amaNdiya aseKhaya ebuKristwini.

Ngomsebenzi ngamunye, baqoqa ama- neophyte amaNdiya asekhaya. Kwezinye izindawo, babalethela ukuba bahlale embusweni nakwabanye, bahlala emizaneni yabo futhi baya emhlanganweni nsuku zonke. Nomaphi lapho, obaba bawafundisa ngeKatolika, ukuthi bakhulume kanjani iSpanishi, kanjani ukulima, namanye amakhono.

Amanye amaNdiya ayefuna ukuya emisebenzini, kodwa abanye abazange bahambe. Amasosha aseSpain aphatha amanye amaNdiya kabi.

Enye yezinto ezimbi kakhulu mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwamaNdiya kwakungenakukwazi ukumelana nezifo zaseYurophu. Izifo zesifo sezinambuzane, isisimungumane, nesifo se-diphtheria babulala abantu abaningi bomdabu. Asazi ukuthi bangaki amaNdiya aseCalifornia ngaphambi kokuba iSpanishi ifike noma ukuthi bangaki abafa ngaphambi kokuba isikhathi se-mission sesiphelile. Lokho esikwaziyo ukuthi ukubhapathizwa kwabangu-80 000 bamaNdiya futhi kubhalwe cishe abangaba ngu-60 000.

Abantu Benzani Emisebenzini?

Emisebenzini, abantu benza konke abantu abakwenzayo kunoma iyiphi idolobha elincane.

Zonke lezi zithunywa zaphakamisa ukolweni nommbila. Eziningi zalezizivini zenza iwayini. Babuye baphakamisa izinkomo nezimvu futhi bathengisa izikhumba izimpahla kanye nezicathulo zomnwe. Kwezinye izindawo, benza isisipha namakhandlela, babe nezitolo zensimbi, bafaka indwangu, futhi benza nezinye imikhiqizo ukusebenzisa nokuthengisa.

Ezinye zezinkonzo zazibuye zinezokwaya, lapho obaba befundisa amaNdiya ukucula izingoma zamaKristu.

Kwenzekani Ezintweni ZaseCalifornia?

Isikhathi saseSpain asizange side isikhathi eside. Ngo-1821 (eminyakeni engu-52 kuphela ngemva kokuba uPortola noSerra bahambe okokuqala ukuya eCalifornia), iMexico yazuza ukuzimela kusuka eSpain. UMexico akakwazanga ukusekela ukuhambela kweCalifornia ngemuva kwalokho.

Ngo-1834, uhulumeni waseMexico wanquma ukuhlukanisa imisebenzi - okusho ukuthi uyishintshe ekusebenziseni okungewona okwenkolo - futhi uthengise. Babuza amaNdiya ukuthi bafuna ukuthenga umhlaba, kodwa ababafuni - noma babengenakukwazi ukuwathenga. Ngezinye izikhathi, akekho owayefuna izakhiwo zezimishini futhi kancane kancane wahlakazeka.

Ekugcineni, izwe lokuthunywa lihlukaniswe futhi lidayiswa. Isonto lamaKatolika lagcina ukuthunywa okumbalwa okubalulekile.

Ekugcineni ngo-1863, uMongameli u-Abraham Lincoln waphindela wonke amaSulumane eSonto LamaKatolika. Ngaleso sikhathi, eziningi zazo zaziyizintambo.

Kuthiwani Ngezimpahla Manje?

Ekhulwini lama-20, abantu banesithakazelo ekuthumeni futhi. Babuyisela noma bavuselela ukuthunjwa okwakonakalisiwe.

Imisebenzi emine yalezi zithunywa isasebenza ngaphansi kwe-Order Franciscan: Mission San Antonio de Padua, Mission Santa Barbara, Mission San Miguel Arcángel, kanye Mission San Luis Rey de Francia. Ezinye zisengamasonto amaKatolika. Eziyisikhombisa zazo ziyiMpawu Zomlando Zomlando.

Eziningi zemihlangano yakudala inamamyuziyamu omuhle kakhulu namanxiwa athakazelisayo. Ungafunda ngomunye wabo kulezi ziqondiso ezisheshayo, ezenzelwe ukusiza abafundi bobabili baseCalifornia kanye nezivakashi ezifuna ukwazi.